Jazz guitar scales · Concept
Seven modes, four of which are the standard answer to a chord you meet every night.
Melodic minor is the major scale with a flattened third, and that single change makes its modes far more useful than the major modes. Four of the seven are the standard choice over a chord you will meet constantly: lydian dominant over a 7♯11, the altered scale over an altered dominant, locrian natural 2 over a m7♭5, and lydian augmented over a maj7♯5.
Learning it in twelve keys therefore buys four chord types at once. No other parent scale pays like that.
Its first mode is the one people forget. A minor tonic chord — m6 or m(maj7) — wants a leading tone, and neither Dorian nor Aeolian has one. Melodic minor does, which is why it is the answer over the i chord of a minor key while Dorian is the answer over a ii.
| Scale | Notes | Formula | Against the chord | Usage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C Melodic minor | C D Eb F G A B | 1 2 b3 4 5 6 7 | 1 9 b3 11 5 6 7 | Best choice |
| C Melodic minor bebop | C D Eb F G G# A B | 1 2 b3 4 5 b13 6 7 | 1 9 b3 11 5 b13 6 7 | Common |
| C Dorian | C D Eb F G A Bb | 1 2 b3 4 5 6 b7 | 1 9 b3 11 5 6 b7 | Common |
| C Whole-half diminished | C D Eb F Gb Ab A B | 1 2 b3 4 b5 b6 6 7 | 1 9 b3 11 #11 b13 6 7 | Colour |
Locrian natural 2 is Locrian with the ♭2 raised, and that one note is the difference between a scale you can build a line on and one where the second note fights the root. It is the sixth mode of melodic minor, which means a m7♭5 and the altered dominant that usually follows it can come out of two melodic minor scales a fourth apart.
| Scale | Notes | Formula | Against the chord | Usage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C Locrian natural 2 | C D Eb F Gb Ab Bb | 1 2 b3 4 b5 b6 b7 | 1 9 b3 11 b5 b13 b7 | Best choice |
| C Locrian | C Db Eb F Gb Ab Bb | 1 b2 b3 4 b5 b6 b7 | 1 b9 b3 11 b5 b13 b7 | Common |
| C Locrian natural 6 | C Db Eb F Gb A Bb | 1 b2 b3 4 b5 6 b7 | 1 b9 b3 11 b5 13 b7 | Common |
| C Altered scale | C Db Eb E Gb Ab Bb | 1 b9 #9 3 #11 b13 b7 | 1 b9 b3 3 b5 b13 b7 | Advanced |