Jesse Greer · 1929 · C major · AABA, 32 bars
The II7 in bar three and the ii7 in bar five are the same degree with one note changed, and hearing them back to back is the fastest way to understand what a secondary dominant actually adds.
Analyzed excerpt
Section: A1 · Bars 1–8
C | C | D7 | D7 | Dm7 | G7 | C | C
This is a short excerpt, not the full chart. The composition dates from 1929 and is old enough that it is very likely in the public domain in the United States, which is why the excerpt runs longer here — but copyright status varies by territory and by edition, so treat that as context, not as legal advice.
Every one of these tunes is assembled out of the same handful of harmonic resources. Jazz Harmony is those resources, explained in the order in which they build on each other.
| Chord | Roman numeral | Function | What it is doing | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | I | Tonic | C is the tonic of C. It is where the progression is at rest. | High |
| C | I | Tonic | C is the tonic of C. It is where the progression is at rest. | High |
| D7 | V7/V | Dominant | D7 is functioning as V7/V: a secondary dominant. It is the dominant of G, not of the home key, so it borrows the pull of a V-I and points it at V instead. | Low |
| D7 | V7/V | Dominant | D7 is functioning as V7/V: a secondary dominant. It is the dominant of G, not of the home key, so it borrows the pull of a V-I and points it at V instead. | Low |
| Dm7 | ii | Predominant | Dm7 is the ii chord of C: the classic predominant. It prepares the dominant and almost always moves to it. | High |
| G7 | V7 | Dominant | G7 is the dominant of C. Its third and seventh form a tritone, and that tritone is what makes the tonic feel due. | High |
| C | I | Tonic | C is the tonic of C. It is where the progression is at rest. | High |
| C | I | Tonic | C is the tonic of C. It is where the progression is at rest. | High |
A complete ii-V-I in C. Predominant, dominant, tonic: the sentence jazz harmony is built out of.
High, medium and low next to each numeral are judgements about musical context, not probabilities. A low rating marks a bar that can honestly be read more than one way. How the ratings are decided →
In C major the excerpt reads I – V7/V – ii – V7. Inside those 8 chords there is a complete ii-V-I and at least one secondary dominant. Play it slowly with only two voices — the third and seventh of each chord. In D7 those are Gb and C, and watching where that pair goes next tells you more about the progression than the root movement does. The same device turns up in Stella by Starlight, How High the Moon and Ornithology, in other keys and at other tempos.
A thirty-two-bar form whose A sections are driven by secondary dominants at a brisk harmonic rate, with a bridge that steps briefly to a related key. It is compact and moves well, and it is one of the tunes bebop players kept because the harmony gives a soloist a new target every two bars without ever becoming difficult to track.
Jesse Greer wrote it in 1929 with lyricist Raymond Klages for a film. Thelonious Monk wrote “Evidence” over these changes, and that contrafact is among the most extreme in the repertoire — Monk kept the harmony and removed almost all of the melody, leaving isolated stabs. Hearing the source first makes Evidence intelligible; hearing Evidence first makes the source sound oddly crowded.
Take these bars into the analyzer and interfere with them. The fastest way to learn what a chord was doing is to remove it and read what the analysis says instead.
What this device is, and the other standards in the library that use it.
Read →What this device is, and the other standards in the library that use it.
Read →Victor Young · 1944 · B♭ major
Chord progression →Morgan Lewis · 1940 · G major
Chord progression →Charlie Parker · 1946 · G major
Chord progression →The families every standard is assembled from, with examples from the library.
Read →